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June 27, 2008
Return to Civilization
This so-called blog has been silent for over a month, because I was spending some time in what Donald Rumsfeld dismissed as “Old Europe,” and deliberately left my laptop at home. Who wants to spend their vacation looking for wireless hotspots and deleting hundreds of pointless e-mails? I took my first real look at Belgium, then spent a week in Paris, and ended up in England. I have to agree that Europe really is old, but I can’t decide how bad that is. Ancient buildings do get in the way of redevelopment, and bicycles are a problem for car drivers. Also, there is a certain lack of hysteria in the air. Europeans have a bad habit of taking time off from work and relaxing (both French and Spanish governments are trying to put an end to this pernicious habit).
More news from Europe later, but here’s an observation (or rather two) which seem to sum up the good news and the bad news for writers. Video and internet culture are sweeping away the printed word over there, just as they are here. But consider these two apparently contradictory news stories.
Of the 86,000 new books published in France last year, as many as 58,000 sold just 18 copies on average.
The famous English bookseller Blackwells has installed an “Expresso Book Machine,” which will print and bind your own personal copy of any book in about seven minutes. This vastly reduces the stock that the shop needs to carry.
On second thought, these two stories may not be contradictory after all. We may be entering an age of boutique books, which may not be entirely a bad thing.
May 20, 2008
Eight Minutes of Fame
I’ve always been told that I have the ideal face for radio. Check it out on the home page. So it was with some misgivings that I accepted an invitation to be interviewed on a local TV station last Saturday. Television and I have never got along, although I’ve done a few modest programs over the years. My very first appearance on the box was in Britain in 1969, when I was teaching at one of the most revolutionary universities in the nation. A BBC camera crew sought me out for my comments, in the midst of the chaos. When the program was aired I looked like the proverbial deer caught in the headlights. What was even more embarrassing is that total strangers recognized me for weeks afterwards. This never happens with radio.
The setting for this most recent venture into TV was as bizarre as the event itself – a huge, brand new, empty house in that trendy and expensive part of Long Island called The Hamptons. (As a footnote, you might like to know that houses costing over $10 million in the Hamptons are still selling well, but the cheap places are not, according to The New York Times.) The interview was shot from the terrace, looking out over the swimming pool and the (fairly distant) ocean.
This background was more vivid and lively than it sounds. A group of singers and male and female dancers from Rajasthan had arrived for a later program. (Yes, I know, I had to look it up too – it’s a large state in the north of India). They wore exotic, brilliantly colored costumes. Also present were a number of very pretty young ladies who were wearing almost no costumes at all, and who may or may not have been there for another TV program, or just for decoration. They made a strange contrast with the veiled and heavily covered female Indian dancers. This circus of beauty and color was swirling around just behind my back as I tried to concentrate on the interview.
The TV people were absolutely charming to me, but they obviously had little experience dealing with us invisible radio types. They proposed that I should see the make-up girl, and were puzzled when I refused, saying: “Too little, too late.” They asked which was my “best side,” and I truthfully told them that I don’t have one. In the end they sat me down in front of three cameras (which seemed excessive), and the interview rolled on smoothly. We talked about radio essays and classical music, and I managed to keep my eyes on the interviewer, except when they drifted off towards the decorative young ladies.
About halfway through our chat I remembered that it doesn’t matter what you say on TV. Viewers may be paying attention to your expression, or the background, or the interviewer, but never to your words. This recollection allowed me to relax and talk nonsense. Nobody noticed.
When it was over I joined the Rajasthan dancers at the reception area for a while, and then slipped quietly away. The driveway was packed with high end BMWs, Jaguars, and even a Bentley, so I was glad I had left my old Honda behind a hedge just outside.
It is always interesting to get a glimpse of other worlds and other lifestyles. Sometimes we may feel the sting of envy. More often, in my experience, we do not.
May 10, 2008
Computer Madness
Computers must be the most common cause of writer’s block. The block is not in the mind but in the machine. When they first arrived in the 1980s computers seemed like such a gift. It was gloriously easy to edit, change, copy and send our work. Those of us who had grown up in the age of manual typewriters and carbon copies felt liberated by the new technology.
It didn’t last long. The computer industry soon added functions, and features, and programs, and more and more programs, until I’m sure that even Bill Gates himself doesn’t understand how Windows works, when it works.
So you can guess that I bought a new computer, partly because the old one had started acting strangely and partly because I needed more hard disk space. The new computer is a top brand, and expensive, and looks very nice. The only small problem is that nothing works properly. It won’t accept transferred files, it crashes with deadly regularity, and a different function vanishes every day. It took a month to get my files into it. Now, after a three hour telephone session with a jolly fellow called Ranjeesh in Bombay or somewhere, I’m told that I have to re-install Windows - which means wiping out all the files I have transferred. Another small problem: the new computer refuses to transfer the files, to a CD or anything else. Stalemate. Total frustration.
From what I hear from my friends this is fairly typical. Is it time for a whole new concept in computers - machines that actually work?
May 3, 2008
The Mentor
I never had a mentor, although I suspect that he or she would have done me a lot of good. A mentor might have improved my writing, and my thinking, and perhaps even my life. There have been editors and friends, and a few wives, who have commented on my work over the decades, but not one of them took me on as a personal project.
This is no more than justice, because I have been a reluctant mentor myself. While nobody took me on, I equally avoided taking anyone else on. There have been perhaps half a dozen people in my teaching life who clearly and obviously wanted me to be their mentor – some of them were writers and some were students of other subjects. But I never plunged in, and it’s hard to say why. Even before sexual harassment became an issue for teachers I was wary of close, personal involvement with students. The classroom and the seminar were fine. The one-on-one relationship always seemed more problematic, and even dangerous.
This is not entirely crazy because the mentor relationship is wide open to exploitation. Some mentees (if there is such a word) are looking for father figures or gurus, while some mentors are looking for sex or power. It’s an explosive combination, especially in the form of an older male mentoring a younger female, and I have felt the heat of those explosions from the fringes of the battlefield.
The limits of mentoring are vague. The word means guide and adviser, as the original Mentor was guide and adviser to Odysseus. It’s relatively simple to give advice about writing, for example, although even that can be fraught with emotion. But suppose personal things spill over, as they usually do? A mentor is thrust into the role of amateur therapist, and can do a lot of damage.
These reservations sound rather cowardly, and I don’t think they would ever have dissuaded me from being a mentor in real life. The underlying problem was that, lacking any mentors myself, I never learned to mentor anybody else. Knowledge and experience are part of the job description, but there must be more to it than that. A mentor must know how to plunge into another life and (in a sense) live it vicariously without taking it over. A too strong mentor is more like a puppet master, and a too weak one is not much use at all. It was a line I never knew how to walk.
Literary giants like Faulkner and Hemmingway acknowledged their debt to mentors, but I suspect that most such debts remain secret and unpaid. The myth of the author as a solitary genius is very strong, and not to be diluted by the influence of others, however important the influence may have been. Thus the fate of the mentor may be invisibility and frustration, or a single line on the dedication page of a book. In retrospect, I would settle for that.
April 23, 2008
No Doubt (rant & rave)
If the twentieth century was an age of doubt, the twenty-first is beginning to look like an age of certainty. Seldom have so many people in public life been so absolutely sure about so many things. Questions about science or morality or culture, no matter how profound and complicated, don’t faze them in the least: they just know the truth. Facts, evidence, and argument are irrelevant. Their first answer is always the right answer.
This kind of certainty is enviable. Those of us intellectual weaklings who have doubts about everything, waste a lot of time and energy just trying to figure things out. We look for information, compare the sources, and think about the problem. Thinking is hard work, as any student will confirm. Even after putting in a lot of effort, we are often left with as many doubts as we had at the beginning, and sometimes more.
Here are just four obvious problems that have me completely baffled:
- How do you square respect for the right to life with killing people?
- Why does more money spent on education result in worse student performance?
- Are all the sovereign nations of the world really sovereign, or only one?
- Why are so many people starving when the world has a surplus of food?
I have dozens more, but you get the point. These are tricky questions. They give me a headache. But fortunately the people at the top have all the right answers, so I don’t have to think about them.
History shows that certainty can move mountains. It was demonstrated during the single-minded communist regimes of Stalin and Mao, the Puritan theocracy of the 1600s in New England, and the medieval European church at the time of the Inquisition. They had no doubts or hesitations. They just got on with the job, doing what they knew was right. A bunch of liberal intellectuals would never have produced such dramatic results. If I had been a judge of the Inqusition confronted by (say) a heretic of the Manichaen persuasion, I would probably have said: “Interesting idea. Maybe he’s right,” and left it at that. Then, I suppose, I would have been next in line for the bonfire.
The number of things we don’t know is overwhelmingly vast. Even mathematicians and physicists, working on the frontiers of knowledge, are hitting the wall. Their own research is too complicated for them to understand. Where does that leave the rest of us? Knowledge is growing fast, but ignorance is growing faster. This should make us more humble and tentative. But the opposite seems to be happening. Real ignorance seems to breed false certainty, at least among our leaders. Issues of life and death, truth and lies, fact and fiction are difficult and confusing for most of us, but not for them. They know.
The desire for certainty is part of human nature. It’s a hangover from childhood, but some never grow out of it. Eric Hoffer, in a famous book of the 1950s, called them “The True Believers.” They will believe in just about anything: baseball teams, flying saucers, political parties, miracle diets – it doesn’t matter what, just so long as it takes away that vertiginous feeling of doubt.
Most of the trouble in the world is caused by people who are sure they are right. Very little trouble is caused by people who have doubts. That’s why true believers worry me. I’m suspicious of anyone, no matter how powerful, whose daily vocabulary doesn’t recognize our common fallibility, who never use phrases like: “Sorry, I was mistaken,” or “I don’t know,” or (most encouraging of all), “Wait, I’ll have to think about it.”
April 7, 2008
Extreme Blogging
The New York Times reported yesterday that bloggers are under stress. It seems than many of them stay at their keyboards at all hours of the day and night, trying to keep ahead of their particular game. Two famed bloggers, Russell Shaw and Marc Orchant, have recently died. Both of them were much younger than I, and a 41-year-old blogger just about survived a heart attack in December.
This should give us pause. Blogging is clearly much more dangerous than we thought. I plan to step back a bit from my hectic schedule. It’s only thirteen days since I posted my last comment on this page, and now I’m rushing to do it again. At my age I must be careful. One more week and I should be sufficiently recovered to blog again, although heaven only knows about what.
March 25, 2008
A New Golden Age
The attraction of writing as a career is the low initial investment. We don’t need elaborate equipment, like visual artists, or expensive instruments and years of practice like musicians. Anybody can just sit down and write.
This has led to a certain amount of crowding in the field, as any aspiring writer will quickly discover. Everyone in America (and just about everywhere else) seems to be bursting to tell his or her story in prose or poetry, in memoir or in fiction (much the same thing, usually). How does a writer get an edge over the competition? He or she must attend a conference or a workshop, and perhaps even enroll for an MFA in creative writing.
I have nothing against training for writers. I’ve been teaching at conferences and workshops for more than twenty years. But I had no idea how extensive the phenomenon was until I picked up a copy of The Writer’s Chronicle, the journal of the Association of Writers and Writing programs. This is a large format journal, almost a hundred pages long, and almost every page advertises some kind of educational experience for writers – from MFAs in England to workshops on horror writing in obscure Midwestern colleges. My patience ran out before I could count them all, but I would estimate that there were at least two hundred offerings in this one issue of the journal.
This is daunting, when you think about it. How many writers are being “trained” every year in the United States? How many eager and energetic souls are pushing into the shrinking freelance marketplace? Supply and demand, supply and demand – no wonder the rates of pay for writers have stayed static for more than twenty years!
The good news, I hope, is that such fierce competition will favor the very best writers, and the quality of our literature will begin to improve. With luck we may see a new generation of writers whose works will rival those of the giants of the twentieth century, or the nineteenth, or the eighteenth…. Somewhere out there, in a small college writing conference, the next Shakespeare may be sharpening her skills. A new Golden Age of writing could be at hand.
March 10, 2008
Imposters
Only thirty-six years late I just finished reading Clifford Irving’s The Hoax.It’s an odd mixture of the confessional and the boastful memoir, and it tells the (more or less true) story of how Irving and his co-conspirators set out to write an “authorized biography” of the secretive multi-millionaire Howard Hughes. Hughes knew nothing about it – the book was an invention from beginning to end. It is an extraordinary tale, with all the ingredients of a real-life thriller. Of course the fraud was exposed in the end – how could it not be? But at least it was fraud on the grand scale.
This set me thinking about literary frauds and imposters in general. On one level we are all imposters all the time, or at least when we’re with other people. One of the more certain facts about human nature is that we all pretend to be something other than we are. That’s the way we survive in society. It goes all the way from editing our resumés and telling white lies to people we want to impress, up to the wholesale re-invention of our own lives. We all have secrets, and we all have masks. Who has not stood on a lecture platform and felt like an imposter?
The interesting thing right now is the deluge of frauds and imposters in the world of writing. In 2006 we had watched James Frey’s sad tale shatter into a million little pieces. Last week it was the fake gang member of Margaret Seltzer. There have been many others, including the egregious autobiographical inventions of Dave Pelzer.
What’s interesting about these fabrications is that the authors have created worse lives for themselves. They proudly claim child abuse, poverty, drug addiction, and every kind of misery, in order to sell books. Unless my memory is faulty, most literary lies in the past were of exactly the opposite kind. Writers, like people in general, aimed to make their lives appear much better. They inflated their qualifications, their family histories, their wealth, and their importance. The “con man,” literary or otherwise, aimed to impress his audience.
By what strange alchemy has this fairly logical habit been turned upside down? Why do so many middle-class authors want to convince us that they are bums and losers? Why does anyone want to read this stuff? Is it really just for the sales, or am I missing some deep shift in the psychology of the nation?
March 1, 2008
Literature for Dummies
The pleasures of winter are much exaggerated. When we talk about the log fires and the beautiful, bleak landscapes, we’re just whistling in the dark, waiting for the lighter evenings to come. The only real pleasure of winter is the end of it.
But I must confess that there is something to be said for the modest luxury of reading in bed on a cold, dark night, under a heap of blankets and cats, knowing that you can read on until your eyelids droop or the book no longer holds your attention. It’s not a good idea to watch television in bed. All that screaming and canned applause will keep your partner awake, and there’s the danger that you may actually dream about the programs. But a good book carries you into sleep quietly, leaving something interesting for the subconscious mind to work on for the next few hours.
But it is harder and harder to find a good nighttime read. I haunt the library and the bookstores, follow the reviews, ask my friends. Yet the heap of half-read and unread books beside the bed grows larger and larger, and threatens to engulf the whole bedroom.
From time top time I am encouraged or instructed to pick up all the books that I have piled beside the bed. This has something to do with a profoundly un-literary ritual called vacuuming, of which I disapprove on of principle. But it is interesting to see what books are there, some read, some half-read and abandoned, some glanced at and tossed down.
For example, I enjoy a good historical novel. My favorite author is Patrick O’Brian, in case you’re interested, but he is no longer with us. I’m struggling with a book by the Booker Prize winning writer A.S.Byatt, called The Biographer’s Tale. It is about a young man who abandons literary theory (a nice little in-joke) in order to write a biography of a biographer. It’s an ingenious idea, and the writing is as clever and as graceful as one could wish. But the reader needs a notebook, a PhD and a photographic memory to keep track of the plot. Who needs this kind of intellectual workout at bedtime?
I prefer fiction at bedtime, a good story. But good stories have become almost as rare as honest memoirs. The death of the novel has been routinely announced for the past fifty years, and I’m beginning to believe that it may be dying at last. The mysteries all seem like pale imitations of P.D.James, modern detective stories are all detective and no story, spy novels are redundant, science fiction is always behind the times, and romance is not to my taste, as well as being even less probable than science fiction. This leaves the ordinary novel, the “non-genre” novel, which has been the central and most prestigious form of fiction for the past two hundred years.
But the ordinary novel is being displaced by what is called the “literary novel” – a tautology if ever I heard one. The literary novel is written by a professor of literature, or a graduate of a creative writing program, and it is designed to be read only by others of the same tribe.
These authors are no doubt very talented – it’s hard to get a novel published these days - but they all seem seriously depressed, and they want their readers to know it, and share it. Their books are promoted with lines like: “A dark fairy tale of mothers and daughters locked in a struggle” and “Fictional memoir of a descent into madness.” Is this the kind of thing I want in my head just before I go to sleep?
A lot of modern novelists have also abandoned the old-fashioned virtue of clarity in their writing. The new rule seems to be: the more pompous, wordy, obscure and loaded with symbolism the better. I like my fiction to be entertaining in an intelligent way. There’s plenty of intelligence on display, but entertainment seems to have gone out the window.
I suspect that only The New York Times reviewers actually read books by writers like Don DeLillo, Margaret Attwood, Cormac McCarthy, and even the semi-sacred Salman Rushdie, and perhaps not even they get to the last page without skipping.
The authors would probably argue that their very serious novels are not intended to be read in bed, but can only be appreciated in a deep leather chair, under a green shaded reading lamp, in a quiet study or library, with plenty time and a heap of reference books close at hand, along with a bottle of Prozac.
So, by necessity, my bedtime reading is moving inexorably away from my beloved fiction, into the less imaginative realm of non- fiction: biography, criticism, essays, and history. At least, as long as it’s true to life, there’s always something to laugh at.
February 20, 2008
Behind the Curtain
Most writers dream about being novelists, although it’s not obvious why. The market for serious novels is getting smaller all the time. But the fiction itch, it seems, must be scratched. Even after having had successful careers as journalists, essayists, or script writers, many of our fellow scribblers feel that they absolutely must write a novel, or more particularly “my novel.” I share the common weakness, if that’s what it is. I read a lot of novels, and I would love to write them. Unfortunately that particular talent has passed me by.
But it’s still interesting to read about novelists: how they work, how they imagine their fictional worlds, how they create characters, and how they succeed or fail. Therefore I recommend a though-provoking little book – really an extended essay – by Milan Kundera. It’s called The Curtain.
Nobody could be better qualified to write about the novel, and Kundera does it intensely and with great style and learning. He has sections on the nature of a story, aesthetics, memory, and the history of the novel, among many other things. I was particularly interested in his discussion of how the passage of time is treated in fiction, and how the telescoping of events creates a world that is both engaging and completely unreal. In fiction we have the charming convention that allows us to write: “Later that day….” or “After thirty years lost in the jungle….” The tedium of everyday life is simply erased. No wonder we love stories!
This is not an easy book. Kundera’s arguments demand close attention. The average reader, like me, will have to make a few trips to the library to check out his references. But it repays the effort. It almost persuades me to try once more to write a novel – almost, but not quite.
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